Use of L-lysine for prevention of herpes labialis: narrative review

Abstract

The herpes simplex virus is a viral pathology, where its transmission occurs through direct exposure to bodily fluids. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infects orofacial mucosa, resulting in cold sores, while HSV-2 affects genital surfaces, causing genital herpes. Treatment for cold sores usually involves the use of antiviral medications such as acyclovir, to reduce the duration and severity of outbreaks. L-lysine supplementation may help reduce cold sore lesions in patients with recurrent outbreaks. The aim of the present study is to verify the efficacy of the amino acid L-lysine in preventing HSV infection, as well as to evaluate safe doses based on available evidence. For the research, 20 articles related to the topic were selected. Lysine is effective as a daily preventive agent in reducing HSV recurrence and as a therapeutic treatment to decrease the severity and healing time during virus reactivations. Evidence regarding the safety of long-term supplementation with lysine and/or high doses is uncertain for the general population. Doses above 3,000 mg are not recommended due to the risk of kidney damage. Patients with certain health conditions should be closely monitored when taking lysine supplements. Further clinical studies are needed to define recommendations, dosages, and contraindications for this treatment.

Key words: Lysine (D008239); Herpes Labialis (D006560); Herpes Simplex (D006561)